Study Finds Astronaut Hearts Adapt to Space and Tolerate Simulated Mars Gravity
A study published in the journal Circulation analyzed 13 astronauts who spent roughly six months or 160 days aboard the International Space Station, tracking their heart function before, during, and after their missions.
During the first two weeks in space, echocardiograms showed temporary declines in cardiac filling and stroke volume, meaning the heart filled with less blood and pumped less per beat.
Astronauts followed a NASA program called Exercise Countermeasures, working out for up to two hours daily with 30 to 45 minutes of endurance training and 60 to 75 minutes of resistance training.
As missions progressed, the astronauts' cardiac filling and stroke volume gradually rebounded toward preflight levels despite the initial weightlessness.
To simulate Martian gravity after returning to Earth, researchers tilted astronauts 22 degrees upward from a lying position, and their hearts handled the environment without major cardiovascular strain.